@article {809, title = {In vivo identification of morphologic retinal abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica.}, journal = {Neurology}, volume = {80}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Apr 9}, pages = {1406-14}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To assess eyes with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) for morphologic retinal abnormalities utilizing high-definition optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 39 patients with NMO spectrum disorders and 39 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent spectral-domain OCT and visual function testing.

RESULTS: Microcystic macular edema (MME) of the inner nuclear layer (INL) was identified in 10 of 39 patients (26\%) and was exclusively found in eyes with a history of optic neuritis (ON). MME eyes had lower high- and low-contrast letter-acuity scores (100\%: p = 0.002; 2.5\%: p = 0.002; 1.25\%: p = 0.004), lower peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (p = 0.04), lower macular RNFL thickness (p = 0.004), lower ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer (GCIP) thickness (p = 0.007), higher INL thickness (p < 0.001), and a greater number of ON episodes (p = 0.008) relative to non-MME eyes with a history of ON. After adjusting for history of multiple ON episodes, these findings remained significant for macular-RNFL thickness (p = 0.03), INL thickness (p < 0.001), and 100\% and 2.5\% contrast letter-acuity scores (p = 0.008 and p = 0.03, respectively). NMO spectrum eyes without ON history had lower macular RNFL thickness (p = 0.003), GCIP thickness (p = 0.002), outer nuclear layer thickness (p = 0.02), and low-contrast letter-acuity scores (2.5\%: p = 0.03; 1.25\%: p = 0.002) compared to healthy controls.

CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a pattern of retinal morphologic abnormalities in NMO that is associated with severe retinal axonal and neuronal loss and corresponding visual disability. MME may contribute to poor visual outcomes following NMO-associated ON or alternatively represent a marker of ON severity. Additionally, our results support that subclinical involvement of the anterior visual pathway may occur in NMO spectrum disorders.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aquaporin 4, Autoantibodies, Case-Control Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, Female, Humans, Macular Edema, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Fibers, Neuromyelitis Optica, Retina, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Vision Tests, Visual Acuity, Young Adult}, issn = {1526-632X}, doi = {10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828c2f7a}, author = {Sotirchos, Elias S and Saidha, Shiv and Byraiah, Gita and Mealy, Maureen A and Ibrahim, Mohamed A and Sepah, Yasir Jamal and Newsome, Scott D and Ratchford, John N and Frohman, Elliot M and Balcer, Laura J and Crainiceanu, Ciprian M and Nguyen, Quan Dong and Levy, Michael and Calabresi, Peter A} } @article {808, title = {Ironing out the statistical wrinkles in "ten ironic rules".}, journal = {Neuroimage}, volume = {81}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Nov 1}, pages = {499-502}, abstract = {

The article "Ten ironic rules for non-statistical reviewers" (Friston, 2012) shares some commonly heard frustrations about the peer-review process that all researchers can identify with. Though we found the article amusing, we have some concerns about its description of a number of statistical issues. In this commentary we address these issues, as well as the premise of the article.

}, keywords = {Neuroimaging, Peer Review, Research, Research Design, Statistics as Topic}, issn = {1095-9572}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.02.056}, author = {Lindquist, Martin A and Caffo, Brian and Crainiceanu, Ciprian} } @article {825, title = {Isoosmolar enemas demonstrate preferential gastrointestinal distribution, safety, and acceptability compared with hyperosmolar and hypoosmolar enemas as a potential delivery vehicle for rectal microbicides.}, journal = {AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses}, volume = {29}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Nov}, pages = {1487-95}, abstract = {

Rectally applied antiretroviral microbicides for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV infection are currently in development. Since enemas (rectal douches) are commonly used by men who have sex with men prior to receptive anal intercourse, a microbicide enema could enhance PrEP adherence by fitting seamlessly within the usual sexual practices. We assessed the distribution, safety, and acceptability of three enema types-hyperosmolar (Fleet), hypoosmolar (distilled water), and isoosmolar (Normosol-R)-in a crossover design. Nine men received each enema type in random order. Enemas were radiolabeled [(99m)Tc-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)] to assess enema distribution in the colon using single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. Plasma (99m)Tc-DTPA indicated mucosal permeability. Sigmoidoscopic colon tissue biopsies were taken to assess injury as well as tissue penetration of the (99m)Tc-DTPA. Acceptability was assessed after each product use and at the end of the study. SPECT/CT imaging showed that the isoosmolar enema had greater proximal colonic distribution (up to the splenic flexure) and greater luminal and colon tissue concentrations of (99m)Tc-DTPA when compared to the other enemas (p<0.01). Colon biopsies also showed that only the hyperosmolar enema caused sloughing of the colonic epithelium (p<0.05). In permeability testing, the hypoosmolar enema had higher plasma (99m)Tc-DTPA 24-h area under the concentration-time curve and peak concentration compared to the hyperosmolar and isoosmolar enemas, respectively. Acceptability was generally good with no clear preferences among the three enema types. The isoosmolar enema was superior or similar to the other enemas in all categories and is a good candidate for further development as a rectal microbicide vehicle.

}, keywords = {Anti-Infective Agents, Biopsy, Colon, Sigmoid, Enema, HIV Infections, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Solutions, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon}, issn = {1931-8405}, doi = {10.1089/AID.2013.0189}, author = {Leyva, Francisco J and Bakshi, Rahul P and Fuchs, Edward J and Li, Liye and Caffo, Brian S and Goldsmith, Arthur J and Ventuneac, Ana and Carballo-Di{\'e}guez, Alex and Du, Yong and Leal, Jeffrey P and Lee, Linda A and Torbenson, Michael S and Hendrix, Craig W} } @article {Yuste2011, title = {Imaging action potentials with calcium indicators.}, journal = {Cold Spring Harbor protocols}, volume = {2009}, number = {8}, year = {2011}, pages = {pdb.prot5316}, abstract = {

The understanding of neuronal circuits has been, and will continue to be, greatly advanced by the simultaneous imaging of action potentials in neuronal ensembles. This protocol describes "bulk" loading of brain slices with acetoxymethyl (AM) ester calcium indicators in order to monitor action potential activity in large populations of neurons simultaneously. The imaging of calcium influx into neurons provides an indirect, but accurate, measure of action potential generation in individual neurons. Single-cell resolution, and thus the easy identification of every active cell, is the key advantage of the technique.

}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21807854}, author = {Yuste, Rafael and MacLean, Jason and Vogelstein, Joshua T and Paninski, Liam} } @article {pmid21853058, title = {The impact of utilizing different optical coherence tomography devices for clinical purposes and in multiple sclerosis trials}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {6}, number = {8}, year = {2011}, pages = {e22947}, author = {Warner, C. V. and Syc, S. B. and Stankiewicz, A. M. and Hiremath, G. and Farrell, S and Crainiceanu, C and Conger, A. and Frohman, T. C. and Bisker, E. R. and Balcer, L and Frohman, E. M. and Calabresi, P and Saidha, S.} } @article {lee2011independent, title = {Independent Component Analysis Involving Autocorrelated Sources With an Application to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging}, journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association}, volume = {106}, number = {495}, year = {2011}, pages = {1009{\textendash}1024}, publisher = {ASA}, author = {Lee, S. and Shen, H. and Truong, Y. and Lewis, M. and Huang, X.} } @article {yousem2009intelligence, title = {Intelligence and Medial Temporal Lobe Function in Older Adults: A Functional MR Imaging-Based Investigation}, journal = {American Journal of Neuroradiology, PMCID: PMC2843089}, volume = {30}, number = {8}, year = {2009}, pages = {1477{\textendash}1481}, publisher = {Am Soc Neuroradiology}, author = {Yousem, D and Yassa, M and Cristinzio, C and Kusevic, I and Mohamed, M and Caffo, B and Bassett, S} } @conference {Crai:Rupp:Sted:Behr:impr:2002, title = {Improving MCMC Mixing for a GLMM Describing Pathogen Concentrations in Water Supplies}, booktitle = {Case Studies in Bayesian Statistics, Volume V (Lecture Notes in Statistics Vol. 162)}, year = {2002}, pages = {207{\textendash}221}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag Inc}, organization = {Springer-Verlag Inc}, keywords = {Ecology}, author = {Crainiceanu, C and Ruppert, D. and Stedinger, Jery R. and Behr, Christopher T.} }